Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) is an alternative to traditional open surgical procedures performed to treat different spinal disorders, such as degenerative disc disease, herniated disc, scoliosis, and spinal stenosis. Spine surgery performed minimally invasively offers many potential benefits, such as small incisions, less cutting through soft tissues (eg, ligaments, muscles), outpatient options, less post-operative pain, and faster recovery. Spinal decompression involves removing tissue that is compressing nerve structures, such as a spinal nerve root and/or the spinal cord. Bone spurs and/or fragments from a herniated disc are examples of tissues that can cause neural compression. Abnormal movement of one or more levels or segments of the spine can cause back or neck pain. Surgical procedures that stabilize and stop the movement of the spine involve spinal instrumentation and fusion. Minimally invasive spine surgery may involve percutaneous (through the skin) or mini-open (small incision) procedures. Instead of cutting through soft tissues, segmental tubular retraction creates an expandable tunnel that passes between muscles to access the spinal column. An endoscope, a tiny video camera, projects visualization of the surgical area on a monitor during the procedure to the spine surgeon. The surgery is performed through the tubular retraction system utilizing specially designed instruments.
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